Former President of the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte, has made his first physical appearance at the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague. This marks a significant moment as he faces charges related to his controversial anti-drug campaign, which is alleged to have resulted in the extrajudicial killings of thousands.
Details of the Court Appearance
Duterte, aged 81, attended the court on Wednesday, wearing a dark suit paired with a white shirt. This appearance is his first in-person sighting since his arrest in Manila 18 months ago. Despite being present, Duterte chose not to speak during the proceedings but did acknowledge his family members in the gallery with a wave as the session concluded. Previously, he had only participated in the hearings via video, often missing scheduled appearances.
The ICC convened a status hearing following claims from Duterte’s legal team regarding his declining health, which they argue renders him unfit for trial. The court has scheduled the first trial for November 30th.
Background on the Charges
Duterte’s presidency, from 2016 to 2022, was heavily defined by his aggressive approach to drug-related crime, which he justified as essential for economic stability. The ICC is investigating incidents from November 1, 2011, when Duterte was the mayor of Davao, until March 16, 2019, when the Philippines withdrew from the ICC.
Peter Haynes, Duterte’s lawyer, has cited his client’s “significant memory impairment” as a barrier to effective communication with his defense team. However, prosecutors dispute this claim. The judges have ordered a medical evaluation by three specialists to determine Duterte’s mental capacity to stand trial. While the results of this assessment remain confidential, reports suggest that Duterte is confused about dates and events, believing he is living in 2007 or 2008.
Reactions and Political Context
Victims’ families in Manila observed the court proceedings via livestream. Llore Pasco, who lost two sons in the crackdown, expressed relief at Duterte’s appearance, noting his apparent good health. Randy Delos Santos, who lost a nephew, expressed hope that Duterte’s physical condition would expedite the legal process.
During his presidency, Duterte disclosed a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, a condition affecting nerve function. This revelation came when he became the oldest elected president of the Philippines at age 71.
Political Implications
The Duterte family is embroiled in a political struggle for dominance in the Philippines. His daughter, Vice-President Sara Duterte, is a prominent figure in this battle, having fallen out with President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos. This rift has significant implications, as it contributed to Duterte’s arrest in March 2025.
Sara Duterte is seen as a leading contender for the presidency in 2028, as Marcos cannot seek re-election. However, her political future is uncertain due to an impeachment trial, where she faces serious charges, including the misuse of public funds and making threats against the current president and his family.
